Facts, Fiction and Theatre History Essay Topics Renaissance

Facts, Fiction and Theatre History Essay Topics Renaissance One of the very first things you have to understand in earning your topic choice is that there's a difference between history and current affairs. Afterwards, the best action to do is to narrow the subject down according to the guidelines supplied by your professor. You must be quite sure in regards to the concept which you want to expand on. Your very first idea is nearly always very likely to be too significant. Referred to as the Great Migration, more African Americans established themselves in cities like Harlem, in New York. World History Research Papers involve an amazing quantity of information. What was the reason for the Great Depression. But What About Theatre History Essay Topics Renaissance? The thesis statement ought to be included within this paragraph to allow readers to comprehend the central argument of the paper. In the center paragraph you're akin to a barrister arguing a circumstance. Indee d it is a great test of an essay that the reader ought to be able to guess the question even in the event the title is covered up. The selection of topic is all-important in regards to writing a protracted essay and certainly in the topic of history. In the event you can't find your subject here, don't hesitate to have a talk with our staff and set an order for a customized history essay on your specific subject. If you would like to compose the essay yourself, we believe it would be best to opt for a universal subject or issue. Because the prolonged essay contains far more words than a normal essay, the selection of topic should be such a good argument can be developed and resolved. Bear in mind, the aim isn't to simply report random facts and information concerning the topic. Writing service businesses maintain writers that possess a whole lot of experience with writing narrative essays. Writing they use creative ingredients to mix narrative essays into a quality product. Even in case you have good history essay topics and the proper ideas in mind, but you're not focused on writing, you may wind up ha ving a low-quality paper. Perhaps you still have to understand more about the way to compose a history paper. It is an impossible task to compose a great history paper if you write about something you find boring and don't care about whatsoever. Thus, writing a history paper will surely be fun, if you simply select a really intriguing history essay topic. Thus the very first paragraph or maybe you might spread this opening section over two paragraphs is the secret to an excellent essay. It is advised to divide this sort of paper into sections. There are lots of assortments of topics based on the subject you would decide to compose a paper. It will produce the history essay writing process faster and easier, and you won't need to devote a great deal of time doing research. As a historian you should interrogate your sources and ask the vital questions. Anyway, adequate research and knowing of the material also play an essential role in writing an excellent essay. If you're looking for assistance with your essay then we provide a comprehensive writing service given by fully qualified academics in your area of study. As soon as you have a more specific idea of the region of the renaissance era that you wish to write about, it should make it a lot simpler to think of excellent excellent titles. The debut of jazz proved to be a leading musical contribution of Harlem renaissance. Today, singers are accompanied with a number of instruments, that range from traditional drums to modern music systems, including pianos. Then Read the biography from your brochure as a means of introducing her or him. The data about the real personalities from their nation are available, and it might really contribute to your paper concerning credibility and research value. Anyway, you might not have a dependable supply of income for a student. Do not increase your odds of being discontinued from your studies as a result of trusting people who can't even aid with choosing history essay topics for high school students. Then you can choose on different aspects that explain his rise. The Good, the Bad and Theatre History Essay Topics Renaissance Music and other art pieces were influenced in a multitude of ways, a few of which are hereby discussed. Today, it can cover almost all aspects of nature and people's lives, both real and imagined, with a wide variety of messages, ranging from real and live broadcast to traditional paintings. It was now viewed as a source of livelihood for the participants, especially because art required people with new skills and ideas, in order to prevail in the market. Standard art, on the flip side, was limited to customs and religious practices.

Autism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd ) - 1261 Words

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a serious disorder which affects the child’s neurological and behavior functions and may cause different levels of disability. Autism is a regressive neurodevelopment disorder that impacts social interactions, verbal and nonverbal, as well as negative behaviors. It is a disorder that is connected to abnormal biology and chemistry within the brain. Also, autism appears within the first three years of life. A child can seem developmentally normal and meeting all milestones that are age appropriate and then begins to regress. The ASD is a neurological disorder can have classified to a different level from moderate to severe. According to Reynolds and Miller â€Å"Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are a group of developmental disabilities characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication and repetitive behaviors† (166). Actually, the number of children who are diagnosed with autism increases and the Autism Spectrum Disorder becoming one of the fastest growing disorders in the USA. According to Autism statistics from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) â€Å"identify around 1 in 68 American children as on the autism spectrum–a ten-fold increase in prevalence in 40 years. Careful researches show that this increase is only partly explained by improved diagnosis techniques and awareness. Studies also show that autism is four to five times more common among boys than girls. An estimated 1 out of 42 boys and 1 in 189 girlsShow MoreRelatedAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1722 Words   |  7 Pagesin every sixty-eight births are diagnosed with the Autism spectrum disorder in other words (ASD), which is about one percent of the world’s population. And that more than three point five million people in America live with a person who has the Autism spectrum disorder. We all know that Autism is a spectrum disorder in which an abnormality is developed in the brain. It is a long life condition that has no cure for itself. People who have Autism face many difficulties in their communication and theirRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1441 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a hereditary neurodevelopmental disorder. Like many other psychological disorders, it is commonly misunderstood in popular culture. Many allude to it casually, often equating it with crippling social awkwardness and disability when it is in fact a spectrum disorder with many degrees of severity. It is somewhat of an enigma within the scientific community as well; there are many things we do not know about ASD and there is ongoing research to learn moreRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1535 Words   |  7 PagesHow Autism Influences the Interactions with Others There is a little boy that gets up every morning and goes to school. He goes home to his parents after school each day. He eats, sleeps, and plays just like any other child. There is one difference. He sees the world in a unique way than most other children not affected by Autism Spectrum Disorder. The boy’s life and actions are a bit different and can be challenging for him. He needs understanding parents, family members, and teachers. Autism SpectrumRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1444 Words   |  6 PagesAutism Spectrum Disorder Dustin S. Staats University of Central Oklahoma â€Å"Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) formerly known as just Autism, is a disorder that affects about 1 in 68 children here in the United States.† (Facts about ASD) This is a pretty high prevalence and the number is continuing to rise. â€Å"Autism is a developmental disability that can cause significant impairments in behavioral, communication, and social aspects of everyday life.†(Facts about ASD). The intellectual functioning ofRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1569 Words   |  7 Pagesdiagnoses for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) occur has seen a dramatic growth in numbers. With diagnoses for ASD increasing, more siblings are also being found to have grown up with a sister or brother with autism spectrum disorder. Previous studies have shown no consensus on whether or not siblings of persons with ASD are at risk for negative effects. However, patterns of anxiety among these siblings are being examined to see if characteristics of a child with autism spectrum disorder and their parentsRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1369 Words   |  6 PagesAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Introduction I don t think people understand how unique children with Autism are or the demands of caring for a child with Autism is. In order to grasp the effect of this disability has on a child or their family it is important to understand the characteristics of a child living with Autism. So for you to understand I will be talking about Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) or Autism in a childs life. I will be talking about what autism is, the history and descriptionRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1587 Words   |  7 Pages Topic: Autism Spectrum Disorder  (ASD) Purpose: My audience will learn the importance of recognizing early signs of Autism Spectrum Disorder in children. Thesis: It is important to understand the early signs of Autism Spectrum Disorder, and why early intervention is the best treatment. Introduction: Gain/maintain attention There is a television show I like to watch called â€Å"The Big Bang Theory, maybe some of you have seen it. This show focuses on the relationships between a group of friends, someRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd ) Essay1168 Words   |  5 PagesAutism Spectrum Disorder, as defined by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders, refers to a group of complex neurodevelopment disorders characterized by repetitive and characteristic patterns of behavior and difficulties with social communication and interaction (ninds.nih.gov). Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a very complex developmental disorder and the term ‘spectrum’ was added to the original term simply known as ‘Autism’ due to the wide range of symptoms associated with the disorderRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1852 Words   |  8 PagesThe following paper is going to cover the topic of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Using research and data collected from various authors and journalists the paper will describe the different variations of autism and discuss the impact autism has on a person- in society, at home, in the classroom, and in their careers. Beginning at infancy, autism has a major impact on not just the child but their family’s life as well. The child’s lack of ability to interpret social cues, gestures, and expressionsRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd ) Essay1240 Words   |  5 PagesAutism Spectrum Disorder Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a range of conditions grouped under the neurodevelopmental disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) published in 2013 (Kress Paylo, 2015). Those who are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder must present two types of symptoms: 1) Deficits in social communication and social interaction and 2) Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities (APA, 2013). The DSM-5 merged all autism

Drug And Alcohol Use Among Teenagers - 1614 Words

Drug and alcohol use of persons under the age of 18 is prevalent (National Institute on Drug Abuse [NIDA], 2014). â€Å"Illicit drug use among teenagers remains high, largely due to increasing popularity of marijuana† (NIDA, 2014, pg.2). In 2013, approximately 7% of 8th graders, 18% of 10th graders, and 22% of 12th graders used marijuana in the past month. These rates have increased since the mid to late 2000’s. â€Å"6.5% of 12th graders now use marijuana every day, compared to 5% in the mid-2000’s† (NIDA, 2014, pg.2). Alcohol use has declined since the late 1900’s but in 2013, 3.5 % of 8th graders, 12.8% and 26% of 12th graders reported getting drunk in the past month (NIDA, 2014). In addition, in 2013, 16.3% of 12th graders were current cigarette smokers (NIDA, 2014). It appears that middle-school students are using drugs and alcohol; therefore, it is necessary to explore prevention for this age group (Chen, Storr Anthony, 2008). The transition from middle to high school may be a challenge for students, both academically and socially (Botvin, Griffin Nichols, 2006). Additionally, frequency of substance initiation and use, typically increase during the high school years (King and Chassin (2007). Furthermore, adolescents who use substances are more likely to experiment with more than one substance (Chen, Storr Anthony, 2008). Poly-substance use is related to a number of challenging outcomes (Toumbourou and Catalano, 2005). These include, negative social consequences,Show MoreRelatedAddiction And Substance Abuse Is A Serious Problem Among Teenagers806 Words   |  4 Pagesserious problem among teenagers. Teenagers begin abusing drugs because of peer pressure, or abuse in their life. Any type of drugs can be abused including over the counter medications. Since teenager’s brain is still growing any type of substance abuse can cause serious harm. The most abused drug is alcohol. Alcohol has a differe nt effect the brain of teenagers different than that of adults. Children raised in a religious family, with religious friends are less tempted to use drugs. They haveRead MoreTeenage Drug Use Of Drugs1560 Words   |  7 PagesSociology 100 Professor Victoria Hoverman Teenage Drug Use In today’s society, one of the common problems among teenagers is the use of drugs. Teen age is probably one of the most challenging periods in life. It is a stage of self identity crisis that leads to great confusion amongst the teens. Belonging and being accepted in a group is very important in the minds of the teens; where many regard the act as cool. During these years of growth, teenagers encounter their share of positive and negative experiencesRead MorePeer Pressure Essay693 Words   |  3 PagesPeer pressure today impacts on kids of my generation in a huge aspect. Teenagers feel social pressure in numerous ways such as clothing, music and entertainment choices, to unsafe areas such as drugs, alcohol and smoking. During adolescence, kids emphasize their independence and explore their identity. Yet they still crave the approval of their peers and worry about being rejected and excluded. Peer pressure affects the way teenagers choose to live their lives. It affects the w ay they dress, talk andRead MoreHow Substance Abuse Can Be Harmful At The Societal And Individual Level1255 Words   |  6 Pageslevel Drug abuse is harmful to both the society and individuals themselves. The effect of drug use on individuals is that the users usually go through a wide array of physical effects such as fatigue, anxiety, depression, and flashbacks (Maisto Connors, 2014). For example, getting high with Cocaine is usually followed by â€Å"crash’ which is a period of fatigue, anxiety, and depression. In addition, there is an increase in sexual activities among drug users, and this may expose most of the drug usersRead MoreDeterminants of Marijuana Use Essay1052 Words   |  5 Pagesuniversal drug. It is easily accessible to most people and is the number one illicit drug used in North America. Although the availability and knowledge of this drug is fairly equal for all people in North America, marijuana tends to be more prevalent in teenagers and young adults. Maisto, Galizio, and Conners (2004) reported that use of marijuana [in young people] was 8.0% among those aged 12-17; 16% among those a ged 18-25, as compared to 6.8% among those aged 26-34; and 2.4% among those 35 andRead MoreA Major Problem That Teenagers Come Across931 Words   |  4 PagesTeenagers are surrounded daily by different issues and problems. Some know how to deal with them; others create bigger problems for themselves. A problem that a teenager could come across can vary in its extremity. A major problem, that forms from other problems, is drug and alcohol abuse/use. Drug and alcohol abuse has become a huge problem among teenagers. It can start for multiple reasons. Every person has a different reason. The most common reasons or excuses for teenagers are boredomRead More The Problem of Teen Alcoholism in the United States Essay1102 Words   |  5 Pagesmay not in particular. Alcohol use among teenagers is a serious problem and is responsible for death and injury in automobile accidents, physical and emotional disability, deterioration of academic performances, aggressive behavior that causes a number of other sociological problems in families and among friends. It is also the primary cause of criminal behavior and a leading cause of broken marriages. As we know its a broad topic therefore Ill look at the role that alcohol plays in the society andRead MorePrevention of Alcohol Abuse Among Pregnant Women1306 Words   |  5 PagesPrevention of Alcohol abuse among pregnant women Introduction The drug abuse menace has been indicated to be one of the leading factors that negatively affect people at whatever stage of life right from the fetus stage to the fully grown baby and the adulthood. Of greater interest in this case is the persistent and ever increasing abuse of alcohol among other substances among pregnant women and teenagers in particular. There are repercussions that come with the alcohol abuse and there is thereforeRead MoreEssay on Against Legalization of Marijuana in Canada909 Words   |  4 Pagesare over 16 can buy it over the counter just as alcohol or tobacco. Although legalizing marijuana may be beneficial to those people with medical purposes, it will create more problems and dangers to the society. The problems that associated with legalizing marijuana are causing negative impacts on public health and increasing marijuana consumption among youths. Also, the misuse of marijuana may cause people to drive under the influence of the drug, and hence, more ac cidents may occur, causing moreRead MoreDrug Abuse1279 Words   |  6 PagesThe use of and abuse of illegal and prescription drugs are a health, social, and law enforcement problem that is affecting Americans across the country. Drug abuse is destroying the lives of many teens and adults and is also destroying families in the United States. The use of drugs is a major problem in the United States among all Americans, but drug addiction is the main cause for America s troubled teens today. Exactly what is a drug? A drug is any chemical that produces a therapeutic or non-therapeutic

Impact of School Closure for Case Study of Kingston Community

Question: Write about theImpact of School Closure for Case Study of Kingston Community. Answer: Introduction Decision making is a process which put across all the stakeholders to avoid issues such as vested interests and biases. Avoiding to involve all the stakeholders and especially the main ones, the decision might be resisted, which might result to violence and communal conflicts. In this paper, we will analyse a case study of closure of Kingston school. The community have complained that they were not involved on making such as critical decision which affects their community. According to the residents, it has been rumoured to sometime that the school was to be closed due to reduced admission levels which has been led to the reduction of the Kingstons population. Although these might have been concrete reasons to close the school, the main concerns of the community members is failure to consult them while they were making the decision. I addition, the school has existed for a century and they feel it is not an honourable action to close a school which contributed so much to the growth o f the community. Nevertheless, the student will have to be bussed to another school every day - which translates to more time and money for the families to cater. Scientifically, this study is conducted to check whether there would be a difference in perceptions between the time before and after the school closure. The data is collected using a questionnaire, before and after the school closure and entered into SPSS system for analysis. Within the questionnaire, there is a community survey attitude measure too which is the key section to recode before and after values. Each question within the community attitude survey tool is in form of a Likert scale with 5 options from strongly agree through strongly disagree. After compiling the data, the values are added to get the pre and post totals, hence generating the two variables for effective comparison. The measurements are collected from the same individuals for the pre and post measurements, hence generating paired data. The other section of the questionnaire includes the demographic information which is collected once and can be used for further analysis. All the variables are coded in SPSS, h ence transforming them into categorical variables. In this paper, the test hypothesis will be stated, the possible research method highlighted and the data analysed after reviewing the validity of the questionnaire(Trochim, 2006). Hypothesis The hypothesis will be based on the pre-post measurements of community attitudes. I believe that before the closure the parents are very bitter about the decision but after the decision is officially announced, most of them will feel that there is not more to be done for the purpose of reversing the decision. Null hypothesis: There is no difference in community attitudes between pre and post measurements. Alternative hypothesis: The community attitudes will significantly difference between pre and post-test on the community attitudes Research Methodology The research design used in this study is an experimental design with a pre and post measurements. The official communication from the authorities on the closure of the school acts as the treatment. This study will focus to check the impact of the declaration about the school closure to the opinions and attitudes of the community. This can also be referred as a quasi-experimental study because the study situations are not controlled. However, there are several ways in which the study results can be improved by improving its procedures. These methods might include randomization and stratification which might be used to reduce biases by controlling for possible confounders. Randomization Randomization criteria give every individual in the population an equal chance to be chosen in the sample. In this case, the information gathered from the target population is believed to have a minimal bias which might emerge by selecting a sample with individuals having similar characteristics. For example, Sarah put posters in public areas to allow the interested parties join the study. The selected individuals might end up to be those who are directly affected which is not the main focus for scientific studies. It is important to get a view from every individual from the target population and this might only be achieved by randomisation because in most instances it is not easy to include every individual in the study. Therefore, Sarah could have developed a better way of selecting the study participants other than putting posters for self-recruitment. Else, the study sampling would be purposive by only including individuals who are easily accessing and only those who see the post ers. Since Kingston is a small town, Sarah could have requested for the administration register, hence selecting the individuals randomly and contacting them to request the fro participation. In this manner, the study would be more scientific and the results obtained would perceive better evidence about Kingstons view and perceptions(Manly, 2010). Stratification Stratification is another effective method of reducing biases in scientific studies. Population characteristics such as gender distribution among other key factors can be used to stratify a target population for better results. For instance, the perceptions and opinions closure might differ based on different factors within the society such as gender and age, For example, parents within student in the school who are being affected directly might be more bitter compared to those who do not have children within school leaving age bracket. Also, mothers might have different views because they are more caring and concerned about the welfare of their children. Considering such characteristics, Sarah could have settled on an effective way of stratifying the population to get better results, which are more representative(Bhatia et al., 2016). Examining the Questionnaire The questionnaire is well developed to measure the characteristics of interest in the research. However, Sarah might not have captured all the demographic information of interests such as the age and gender of the respondent. These are among the most significant factors which can be used to predict and define correlations. Sarah could have included two question to recode the age and gender of the respondent. Therefore, this could have been useful in the analysis state to conduct stratified analysis, which might bright out some important characterises of the population(Lessler et al., 2014). For instance, there might be the difference in the pre and post measurements based on gender. Therefore, the other question could have followed these ones, hence making the questionnaire more concrete. Further, the mode of collecting information could have been improved by employing several research assistants to help her in collecting the data from the field. It would be better to meet the respon dents in person and avoid sending the information to the post office. According to the identified issues identified in the questionnaire, I would state that the information collected is not sufficient to measure and analyse the views of Kingstons community(Hox and Boeije, 2005). Data Analysis Descriptive Statistics Table 1: Frequency distribution Count Percent Parent to secondary school age next year Yes 60 57.7% No 44 42.3% Distance from home to Kingston School 0 - 1 km 28 26.9% 2 - 4 km 16 15.4% 5 - 20 km 24 23.1% 20 km 36 34.6% Distance from home to High school at Beganup 0 - 20 km 12 11.5% 21 - 40 km 20 19.2% 41 - 60 km 44 42.3% 60 km 28 26.9% Youngest family member age 0 - 5 years 12 11.5% 6 - 12 years 28 26.9% 13 - 18 years 24 23.1% 18 years 40 38.5% Number of years residing at Kingston 0 - 1 years 20 19.2% 2 - 4 years 16 15.4% 5 - 10 years 20 19.2% 10 years 48 46.2% Occupation of a family member with the highest salary Farmer 52 50.0% Government employee 36 34.6% Business 16 15.4% Unemployed 0 0.0% Residential/Boarding high school at Kingston after Kingston Closure Yes 40 38.5% No 64 61.5% What is the standard education of 8 - 10-year-olds at Kingston Low 28 26.9% Medium 48 46.2% High 28 26.9% According to the frequency table above, the proportion of the parents with students who would be proceeding to a secondary school in the next year were 57.7%(Trochim, 2006). Fifty percent of the respondents were farmers as anticipated because most of the residents in Kingston depend on farming. There were no unemployed respondents in the study which might mean that almost all the residents in Kingston town are employed(Eurostat, 2016). Table 2: Summary statistics by categories Pretest total Posttest total Mean Median Standard Deviation Mean Median Standard Deviation Parent to secondary school age next year Yes 31 31 8 21 21 5 No 39 41 5 28 22 9 Distance from home to Kingston School 0 - 1 km 33 31 8 20 20 5 2 - 4 km 36 37 4 23 22 7 5 - 20 km 36 37 3 23 22 3 20 km 34 38 11 27 21 10 Distance from home to High school at Beganup 0 - 20 km 42 41 4 28 22 9 21 - 40 km 40 39 4 27 25 8 41 - 60 km 33 32 7 22 21 6 60 km 29 31 9 22 19 8 Youngest family member age 0 - 5 years 30 29 6 23 21 6 6 - 12 years 29 31 9 20 19 4 13 - 18 years 33 34 6 21 21 6 18 years 40 41 5 28 24 9 Number of years residing at Kingston 0 - 1 years 38 39 5 26 23 7 2 - 4 years 27 29 5 18 18 4 5 - 10 years 33 36 7 20 19 5 10 years 35 37 9 26 22 8 Occupation of a family member with the highest salary Farmer 34 37 9 26 22 8 Government employee 36 38 5 23 22 6 Business 30 29 9 18 18 4 Unemployed . . . . . . Residential/Boarding high school at Kingston after Kingston Closure Yes 41 41 4 27 22 8 No 30 31 7 22 21 7 What is the standard education of 8 - 10-year-olds at Kingston Low 42 42 4 27 22 8 Medium 36 37 4 23 22 6 High 24 24 5 22 19 9 (Ibm, 2012; Field, 2013) On average, the pre-test scores seem to have been greater than the post-test, hence the conclusion that the attitudes of the residents of Kingston about the closure of the high school changed significantly after the official announcement(Devore, 2006). Table 3: Overall descriptive statistics for pre and post tests N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Pre-test total 104 13 48 34.27 8.017 Post-test total 104 13 43 23.68 7.669 Hypothesis Test Table 4: Correlation between pre and post-tests Paired Samples Correlations N Correlation Sig. Pre-test total Post-test total 104 .355 .000 Table 5: Paired t-test output Paired Samples Test Paired Differences t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper Pre-test total - Post-test total 10.587 8.916 .874 8.853 12.320 12.109 103 .000 (Kent State University, 2016) Conclusion According to the paired t-test results in the table above, the p-value is less than the significance level, hence rejecting the null hypothesis and conclude that the average community attitudes for pre-test are significantly different compared to the post-test(Winter, 2013). Based on the descriptive statistics in tables 2 and 3, we can conclude that the average level of community attitudes towards the closure of the Kingston school is lower after the official communication of the closure compared to the time before. Therefore, the community acted more passionately before the administration communicated and they significantly changed their mentality immediately after the department of education confirmed the closure. Although the policies will affect the community they have no much to do after the department of education have made up their mind on the decision. However, there might be errors in data collection and study design which have led to wrong findings, which creates validity q uestions of the research. References Bhatia, G. et al. (2016) Correcting subtle stratification in summary association statistics, bioRxiv, p. 76133. doi: 10.1101/076133. Devore, J. (2006) Statistics for Business and Economics, The American Statistician, 60(4), pp. 342343. doi: 10.1198/tas.2006.s59. Eurostat (2016) Business demography statistics, Statistics Explained, 2015(November), pp. 19. Field, A. (2013) Discovering Statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics, Discovering Statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics, pp. 297321. doi: 10.1016/B978-012691360-6/50012-4. Hox, J. J. and Boeije, H. R. (2005) Data Collection, Primary vs. Secondary, in Encyclopedia of Social Measurement, pp. 593599. doi: 10.1016/B0-12-369398-5/00041-4. Ibm, A. (2012) IBM SPSS Statistics 21 Brief Guide, Ibm Spss. Kent State University (2016) SPSS Tutorials: Paired Samples t Test, University Libraries. Lessler, J. et al. (2014) Seven challenges for model-driven data collection in experimental and observational studies, Epidemics, 10, pp. 7882. doi: 10.1016/j.epidem.2014.12.002. Manly, B. F. J. (2010) Randomization, Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Statistics, 2(3), pp. 383386. doi: 10.1002/wics.91. Trochim, W. M. K. (2006) Descriptive Statistics, Research Methods, pp. 27. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-384864-2.00005-6. Winter, J. (2013) Using the Student s t -test with extremely small sample sizes, Practcial Assessment, Research Evalutaion, 18(10), pp. 112. doi: Retrieved from https://pareonline.net.